Hillsboro gorget

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http://i35.photobucket.com/albums/d193/nerflight/d_0580.jpg


THE Discoveries of JOHN LEDERER:
These parts were formerly possessed by the Tacci, alias Dogi but they are extinct; and the Indians now seated here, are distinguished into the several Nations of Mahoe, Nuntaneuck,aliàs Nuntaly, Nahyssan, Sapon, Managog, Mangoack, Akenatzy,and Monakin,&c. One Language is common to them all, though they differ in Dialects. The Indians now seated in these parts, are none of those which the English removed from Virginia, but a people driven by an Enemy from the Northwest, and invited to sit down here by an Oracle above four hundred years since, as they pretend: for the ancient inhabitants of Virginia were far more rude and barbarous, feeding onely upon raw flesh and fish, until these taught them to plant Corn, and shewed them the use of it. But before I treat of their ancient Manners and Customs, it is necessary I should shew by what means the knowledge of them hath been conveyed from former ages to posterity. Three ways they supply their want of Letters: first by Counters, secondly by Emblemes or Hieroglyphicks, thirdly by Tradition delivered in long Tales from father to son, which being children they are made to learn by rite.

Page 4 For Counters, they use either Pebbles, or short scantlings of straw or reeds. Where a Battel has been fought, or a Colony seated, they raise a small Pyramid of these stones, consisting of the number slain or transplanted. Their reeds and straws serve them in Religious Ceremonies: for they lay them orderly in a Circle when they prepare for Devotion or Sacrifice; and that performed, the Circle remains still for it is Sacriledge to disturb or to touch it the disposition and sorting of the straws and reeds, shew what kinde of Rites have there been celebrated, as Invocation, Sacrifice, Burial The faculties of the minde and body they commonly express by Emblems. By the figure of a Stag, they imply swiftness; by that of a Serpent, wrath; of a Lion, courage; of a Dog, fidelity; by a Swan, they signifie the English,alluding to their complexion, and flight over the Sea. An account of Time, and other things, they keep on a string or leather thong tied in knots of several colours. I took particular notice of small Wheels serving for this purpose among the Oenocks, because I have heard that the Mexicans use the same. Every Nation gives his particular Ensigne or Arms: The Sasquesahanaugh a Tarapine, or small Tortoise; the Akenatzy's (This is the Occaneechi of the Saponi) a Serpent; the Nahyssanes (This is the Tutelo and holds the same for the Monacan and Manahaocs) three Arrows. In this they likewise agree with the Mexican Indians.

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1670: First Encounter with the Eno:
John Lederer has been called a "travel-liar," but it is nonetheless likely that he journeyed down the Trading Path and met with the Occaneechi, Eno and Shocco Indians. He was commissioned by Gov. Berkeley to find a trade route to the Orient; instead he found a lucre : ve path through the Piedmont for furs.

The fourteenth of June, pursuing a south-south-west course, sometimes by a beaten path, and sometimes over hills and rocks, I was forc'd to take up my quarters in the woods: for though the Oenock-Indians: whom I then sought, were not in a direct line above thirty odde miles distant from Akenatzy, yet the ways were such, and obliged me to go so far about, that I reached not Oenock until the sixteenth. The country here, by the industry of these Indians, is very open, and clear of wood. Their town is built round a field, where in their sports they exercise with so much labour and violence, and in so great numbers, that I have seen the ground wet with the sweat that dropped from their bodies: their chief recreation is slinging of stones. They are of mean stature and courage, covetous and thievish, industrious to earn a peny; and therefore hire themselves out to their neighbours, who employ them as carryers or porters. They plant abundance of grain, reap three crops in a summer, and out of their granary supply all the adjacent parts. These and the mountain-Indians build not their houses of bark, but of watling and plaister. In summer, the heat of the weather makes them chusc to lie abroad in the night under thin arbours of wild palm. Some houses they have of reed and bark; they build them generally round: to each house belongs a little hovel made like an oven, where they If up their corn and mast, and keep it dry. They parch their nuts and acorns er the fire, to take away their rank oyliness; which afterwards pressed, ye" a milky liquor, and the orns an amber-colour'd oyl. In these, mingled together, they dip their cz at great entertainments, and so serve them up to their guests as an extraordinary dainty. Their government is democratick; and the sentences of their old men are received as laws, or rather oracles, by them.

Fourts -i miles west-southwest of the Oenocks, dwell the Shackory-Indians . . .

From The Discoveries of John Lederer in three several Marches from Virginia, to the West of Carolina, And other parts of the Continent:
Begun in March 1669, and ended in September 1670.

Two years later, Lederer added this further observation about the: Oenocks:
An account of Time and other things, they keep on a string or leather thong tied in knots of several colours. I took particular notice of small Wheels serving for this purpose among the Oenocks, because I have heard that the Mexicans use the same.

From Of theManners and Customs of the Indians inhabiting the Western parts of Carolina and Virginia, 1672.

-William P. Cumming, ed., The Discoveries of John Lederer, 1958


http://i27.photobucket.com/albums/c194/Atlanta44/1_4_f.jpg

http://i27.photobucket.com/albums/c194/Atlanta44/aztec20calendar.jpg

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http://i27.photobucket.com/albums/c194/Atlanta44/Aztec-Calendar.jpg

http://i27.photobucket.com/albums/c194/Atlanta44/calendar2.jpg

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These next two articles are not that big of a deal...but there was later references to the Aztec also.


<CENTER style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SMALL>THOUGHT TO BE DESCENDANTS OF AZTECS

</SMALL></CENTER><CENTER style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: comic sans ms"><SMALL>SANDUSKY REGISTER

</SMALL></CENTER><CENTER style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: comic sans ms"><SMALL>JUNE 5, 1894</SMALL></CENTER><CENTER style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: comic sans ms"><SMALL>From The Cincinatti Enquirer
"I believe that the Melungeons of East Tennessee are the only living lineal descendants of the ancient Aztecs," said R. C. Borden, of Asheville. "The Melungeons have always been a mystery and but few facts are known about them. They came to East Tennessee from North Carolina more than a century ago. They have mixed with no other race and have always been filthy and ignorant. A few of them have grown wealthy, but when they do no effort is made to associate with Americans. They have no traditions as to when or how or whence they came except as to their ancestors in North Carolina. Their names are of Portuguese origin, and their appearance suggests an admixture of Portuguese and Indian blood. They have been classed with Negroes but it is easily demonstrated that they are not of negro origin. I mingled with them a great deal at one time, and was fortunate enough to obtain their confidence through an act of kindness to one of their number. A few relics of great age can be found in the pottery and implements. Some of these marked with rude imitations of the Maltese cross. They have a tradition that their ancestors in North Carolina are buried in mounds. Putting these points together, I believe that they are descendants of the Aztecs and of Portuguese sailors who landed upon the North Carolina coast.
</SMALL></CENTER>

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The Melungeons

A Strange and Little Known Tennessee People

<SMALL style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><SMALL><SMALL><SMALL>Descendants of Aztecs and Pizarro’s Spaniards - Their Peculiar Manners and Customs - Speculations: “Who are These Peoplle?</SMALL></SMALL>

(From a Special Contributor)

July 29, 1894</SMALL></SMALL>

http://www.geocities.com/ourmelungeons/worlds_fair.html


Them two articles are like i said no real big deal and speculations.


But here is what is known by fact....The spainish did go to North Carolina in the early 1500's and brought slaves with them....the most common slave at this time in the caribeans and veracruz was the native americans....veracruz was the home of the Aztecs....the Carribbean was some areas the Mayans often traveled to and the Taino had Mayan blood.
The Mayan cities was maybe 1-3 days trip from Florida by boat. Mayans was very well known for their trading with many different communities.

The Mayans abandoned their cities.


Lost Civilization - Maya - 1 of 6
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7C_a9JDL64

Quote from the above documentry: "The maya just simply walked away".

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Columbus and the Taino
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGG-PToPE5E


Taino-Maya Contacts:
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/238.html

TAINO NATION NEWS (http://tainonationnews.blogspot.com/)
MAYAN & AZTEC INFLUENCE IN THE TAINO (http://tainonationnews.blogspot.com/2008/01/mayan-aztec-influence-in-taino-part-2_18.html)
http://tainonationnews.blogspot.com/2008/01/mayan-aztec-influence-in-taino-part-2_18.html


And from Yale university...the Taino and Mayan connections:
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1998/3/98.03.04.x.html

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http://www.powhatanmuseum.com/sitebuilder/images/Caribbean_Map-757x554.jpg

http://www.michielb.nl/maya/gif/middleamerica.gif


Acuera tribe:
History. The Acuera were first noted by De Soto in a letter written at Tampa Bay to the civil cabildo of Santiago de Cuba. According to information transmitted to him by his officer Baltazar de Gallegos, Acuera was "a large town where with much convenience we might winter," but the Spaniards did not in fact pass through it, though, while they were at Ocale, they sent to Acuera for corn. The name appears later in Laudonniere's narrative of the second French expedition to Florida, 1564-65 (1586), as a tribe allied with the Utina.


Utina or Timucua. The first name, which probably refers to the chief and means "powerful," is perhaps originally from uti, "earth," while the second name, Timucua, is that from which the linguistic stock, or rather this Muskhogean subdivision of it, has received its name. Location. The territory of the Utina seems to have extended from the Suwannee to the St. Johns and even eastward of the latter, though some of the subdivisions given should be rated as independent tribes. (See Timucua under Georgia.)

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Timucua:

http://www.robyngioia.com/morris2.jpg

http://pelotes.jea.com/NativeAmerican/LeMoyne/RECREATIONAL%20WALKS.GIF



Kivvasa aka Okee of the NC algonkian's coastal tribes and painted by John white in the year 1585 (the NC tribes fashioned their idol after the Timucua:
http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry_html/debry136.html

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Although scholars disagree regarding the exact path of Hernando De Soto’s expedition in the Southeast, all agree that the Spaniard and his expedition passed through present-day Piedmont and western North Carolina.
http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/170/entry

More than twenty years before the English landed in what is now North Carolina, France and Spain competed to claim this part of the New World. The Spanish had expressed interest as early as the 1520s: from 1520 to 1525 Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon (http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/171/entry)sponsored three expeditions to Chicora, a land between the Cape Fear and Santee rivers. But Hernando De Soto’s expedition marked the first effort of the Spanish government to conquer the land.



"The Iroquois called the Catawba "flatheads" because they, as well as many of the other Siouan-speaking tribes of the area, practiced forehead flattening of males infants. "
http://www.dickshovel.com/Catawba.html


"Flat heads and crossed eyes The Maya would bind a newborn infant's head between two boards for several days. This pressure was sufficient to reshape the skull on a permanent basis."
http://www.slideshare.net/dharms/mayan-civilization/

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http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/265.gif

http://www.nps.gov/seac/SoutheastChronicles/NISI/Image%202%20DeSoto%20Route1.jpg

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Conquest ( Aztec and Spaniard Conquistadors )

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCKGctngWYs

In that video do not forget to check out the hair style at 7:20