Senecas of the Sandusky

[techteach]

I found an interesting web site that describes the Senecas of the Sandusky. We have discussed them here before, but I thought I would give folks this URL. Check this : http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Seneca/SenChapIII.htm and this : http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Seneca/SenChapII.htm

Very intriguing for me. I have Van Meters marrying into the family and buried near my Blackfoot ancestor. Does this mean something? Maybe, maybe not. There were Van Meters in Licking County, OH with the PA/WVA bunch and near the Greens when then were in WVA.

Techteach

[vance hawkins]

Those are great links. Thanks for suplying them. I saw the Knicely surname one ex-poster used to mention a lot. Also saw McNutt, and some McNutts married into my family. My great great grandparents raised an orphan boy Thomas McNutt in Arkansas. It talks aboout Logan, and many other interesting topics. It said Shawnee Chief Blackhoof was called Blackfoot. Many little things.

again thanks. :)

vance

[Tom]

Hey VAnce tha's very interesting about this Chief Blackhoof, aka Blackfoot, he showed up in Tn in white Co. I believe on Calf killer creek a Shawnee but like many Shawnee hung around with Cherokee Folks, my family was there when this Chief was , rather interesting , but is there some connection ? we may never know!

[vance hawkins]

Really? That's interesting, we too "might have" ties to White County (not proven yet tho). What years are you talking about?

vance

[techteach]

Blackfoot was the Shawnee chief at the time of Tecumseh. He sided with the whites and tried to remain peaceful. In consideration, he was given land near Wapakoneta, Ohio where he died at age 90-something. He was the head Shawnee chief.

One of my cousins who writes and speaks on hidden native ancestry believes that our family is Shawnee. To her, my Blackfoot ancestor (this ancestor is not hers but moves to Iowa to live with mutual ancestors) only proves her theory further. She insists that Shawnees who followed Black Hoot, aka Blackfoot, called themselves Blackfoot. Three cousins who met one another online as we looked at genealogy all say that our family tradition is Blackfoot Cherokee. She just explains the Cherokee tradition as claiming Cherokee to claim a tribe generally considered to be "tame Indians."
Vance, do you know the location of the Cherokee reservation in Oklahoma? One family member went from Iowa to Kingfish, OK and is buried there? Any ideas why it might have been Kingfish, assuming that they were native, that is, do you know if there is a specific tribe found there? And, assuming that they were native can be safely assumed - one of these online cousin's line continued to marry native and move west. She is a member of the Colville tribe.

Techteach

[Tom]

Hey Vance well my folks were in White county during the very early 1820's to 1840's, I may have seen Hawkins there on a partial 1820 census record , there are many names on that census that are NC Cash's Collins Lowery's etc.
tech, I really like your post, I wondered what Blackhoof aka Blackfoot had to do with the Cherokee's but your cousins theory is a little off though atleast for my family, no offense though.
Vance did you see the post's that Bill did, where there were Hawkins moving around with the Hardins ? Carey's, Collins and Gibson's in my line!?

[techteach]

Tom:

No offense taken. I think this cousin is off too, although I am willing to concede that they were probably a mixed bunch. However, I think it is to simplistic to shake off the Cherokee tradition when three of the descendents of Sinkey/Ralston and Huston brothers and sisters, who did not know one another (and still do not know one another face to face), have the same story. However, this cousin has a tradition in her family that one of her ancestors married Tecumseh's niece (not my direct line), so best to say they were mixed tribes or simply Eastern Woodland.

Techteach

PS: Sorry about the typo on Black Hoof. Did not mean to call him Black Hoot.

[vance hawkins]

Tom, I am missing a lot of posts, as I am working pretty much 6 days a week, and just read a little now and then, so I missed that post. I'll try and find it. Thanks,

vance

[Bess]

Cindy

The Van meter line that migrated to Fairfield and Licking counties Ohio, formerly resided in the area of what became Berkeley Co WVA. Before that they were from the Hudson River valley and upstate New York The Van Meters (VanMetres) were an old established Indian trading family. In the early 1700s they congregated along a broad strip of land at the junction of Opeccum River and the Patomic. Here they “took up” thousands of acres of land” (stole from the aboriginal population). As with the other Indian traders, they adopted the barbaric, inhuman system of chattel slavery, and plunder the labor of the Africans, and likely, Native Americans as well. Moreover, the Vanmeters seized lands in the vicinity of Martinsburg and Shepardstownn. The Old Warriors Path, which went from New York through Pennsylvania to the Carolinas, passed over their land. Thus, this family had contact with most tribes of the Southeast. This family intermarried with the, Hites, Swearingans and Shepard and Demoss. They had economic ties with other well-known Indian traders of the neighborhood including the Pearis and Hite families. Given their location they assuredly had contact with the Greens and the Ulms who also were of the area. The latter families don’t appear to have been involved in chattel slavery. Here are a few passages that give background on the Van Meters:



1. ”In 1725, a group of Deleware warriors accompanied by John Van Meter, a white settler, crossed through Hardy County on their way to attack the Catawba Indians. Unfortunately for the Deleware, their war party was discovered by a group of Catawba warriors who ambushed them in what is now Pendleton County. John Van Meter escaped, and returned to his home in New York where he recanted his adventures in the wilds of western Virginia to his son, Isaac Van Meter.
In 1736, Isaac Van Meter decided to follow his father's path and traveled to near present-day Moorefield. He made a "Tomahawk Claim" on the land (he staked his claim to the land by using a tomahawk to mark slashes on trees outlining the claimed territory). He then returned to his home (now in New Jersey) After doing this, Van Meter left Virginia and returned to his home in New Jersey. Later, he returned to Virginia to find James Coburn settled on the land he had previously claimed for himself. Coburn was a member of a group of families which had settled in the Hampshire County vicinity around 1735. The dispute over the land was settled peacefully as Van Meter paid Coburn for the land, and in 1744, Van Meter relocated his family from New Jersey to a new homestead south of the "Trough" in Hardy County, Virginia.
Also, around the time of Isaac Van Meter's settlement in Hardy County, the colony of Virginia purchased the land encompassing Hardy, Grant, Pendleton, and Mineral Counties as well as some additional western land for 100 pounds from the Iroquois Confederacy. This purchase paved the way for further white settlement in the region. In its early days, Hardy County, like most counties located in the back-country, became home to many settlers of Scotch Irish, German, and Dutch decent.” http://www.segenealogy.com/westvirginia/wv_county/hdy.htm

2. Accounts differ, but tradition has it that the first white person to see the South Branch Valley of the Potomac was John Van Metre, a New York fur trader. Van Metre and a Delaware war party were supposed to have made a trip into the valley around 1725. The Delaware's wished to penetrate into the Catawba country further south. Unfortunately, for their plans, the Catawba met and defeated the Delaware's near Franklin in Pendleton County and the Delaware's were forced to retreat back up the road that followed the South Branch Valley, he must have taken time to appreciate the possibilities the valley offered. He is supposed to have told his two sons, Isaac and John, that "the lands immediately above the Trough were the finest body of land he had ever discovered in all his travels."
In 1730 the Virginia Council confirmed a land grant of 40,000 acres. Part of this land, 20,000 acres, went to the elder John Van Metre and was an area bounded by the Shenandoah on the east, the Opequon on the west, the Potomac on the north, and extended as far south as the southern branch of the Opequon. John Van Metre, the son, immediately settled on his land and Van Metre's have been in the Shenandoah Valley ever since. Isaac, the other brother, traveled into the South Branch Valley to blaze the extent of his claim for an equal 20,000 acres. In 1736, he marked his claim and went back to New Jersey to arrange to move to South Branch.
Arrangements must have been cumbersome because it was not until 1740 that Isaac again ventured down into the South Branch Valley. When he got to his claim, he found that a man named Coburn had settled there and made improvements. Improvements were usually defined as fences, barns, cabins, clearing of land and the planting of crops, a not inconsequential effort for that period. It is commendable that Isaac Van Meter bought out Coburn, evidently paying him for this tremendous work he had done. Finally, in 1744, Isaac Van Meter's pack train and wagons lumbered down from New Jersey with his family and he built a fort nearby for protection. http://www.vanmetre.com/National%20Historic/fort_pleasant.htm

3. The Van meters of Fairfield and Licking counties were direct descendants of the Berkeley group and they intermarried with the Demoss line and moved to West. Check this site out, search for Demoss: http://downloads.members.tripod.com/Dr.G/vanmeter.htm

Earlier Cindy cited a The “John Van meter” who was living among the Senecas of Sandusky (then resident of Seneca county Ohio). This captive John Vanmeter was a direct descendant of the Van meters of Berkeley county. The Greens of Licking County possibly had connections with young John Vanmeter, indirectly, through the Beaver family. The Beavers, a “German” family set down in Eden Twp, Seneca county as early as 1823, when the Vanmeter Mohawk reservation of Eden twp was still occupied by Native Americans. The Beaver family lived within 2 miles of the Vanmeter reserve. George Greens descendants of Licking County were in direct contact with the Beaver family of both Seneca and Licking County during the early pioneer days. Intimate contact between the Greens and the Beaver families is evidenced by the following
marriage mentioned in the biography of Corwin C. Green, publidshed in Hill’s, History of Licking county:
“Corwin C Green farmer and stock dealer of Johnstown was born June 18, 1841, in Monroe township,.. He is the only son of Rezin and Parmeli Green and the grandson of (George--ed) and Diadema Green, who was the third family who settled in Monroe Township. He married Ann M Beaver September 27, 1866. She was born September 11, 1847 in… SENECA County.” (N.N. Hill 1798 History of Licking county its Past and Present, AA Graham & Co. Pub. Newark, Ohio (1881): 679)
More on the Beaver family will be found at the Genforum message board site for Beaver and searching for “Seneca”.
Cindy, you should also look into the county records of Seneca County for the Greens, Beavers, and Vanmeters
Bess.

[techteach]

Wow, Bess, thanks. I own "The Green Tree" but I my husband cleaned and I am not sure where he put it. I had missed the name Beaver in there, although I remember Diadema. There is a picture of her in the book. She was supposed to have been "the first white child born" but at least one native American has asked what tribe she belonged to. She was a Willison, one of the group of Willisons who came west with the Greens.
I knew that the Van Meters were from near there in Berkeley County. In fact, I had seen part of the passage you found. I did not know, however, that Van Meters appear to have owned the land that the Greens lived on. Your placement is exactly where they lived in Berkeley County. The information I read led me to think they were one of the families that Lord Fairfield found for his land claim. However, the Van Meter name is on many of their legal documents.
Interestingly, we do not know the reason why the Sinkey (and likely Huston) bunch came from near Huntington and ended up where the Greens were, in Licking County. However, there is a George Green who lives with Richard Sinkey in Bedford County, PA in 1779 (http://www.pa-roots.com/~bedford/history/huntingdonco.html) in Oneida Township and Deb, another Sinkey descendent, has shown me a will in which a Sinkey widow, Richard's, I believe, turns his childrin over to a Green. In The Green Tree, Robert Green mentions that the Greens might originally have been from PA.
Anyway, all these names end up in Iowa. They are all in my Green genealogy and all (except maybe not Beaver - I don't remember it) buried in Hickory Grove. A DeMoss married the brother of my gggrandmother, Mary Lovina Potter, who looked native and never cut her hair.
I found a passage where the Van Meter reservation was near Tiffin, Ohio until it was sold and John Van Meter, a son of Isaac who was captured as a boy and grew up with natives and married to a Seneca woman, took his tribe across the Mississippi. I have been looking for where they went.
Bess, you might be interested to know that my uncle believes that we descend from the Swearingens on my grandfather's side. The name was Carpenter and documents indirectly link my ancestors to the Swearingens. A sister of the one who marries Samuel Brady marries a Tomlinson who surveys land for George Washington and goes on to murder Chief Logan's family. Bill also found a family connection of the Tomlinson's with my Hustons.
Thanks for the info. I will have to do some further digging now. The Greens did not leave that land in Berkeley County until the late 1700s and early 1800's. If they were native as some family members believe and Diadema's picture might indicate, why would they have stayed so long?

Cindy

[techteach]

Bess,
Your message sent me to the web site of the history of Seneca County, http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Seneca/SenChapII.htm. There, I found the information on John VanMeter's reservation. Furthermore, it mentions a reservation set up for McCullochs. This name, in addition to VanMeter, is in my ggggrandmother's cemetery, the ggggrandmother with the Blackfoot headstone. However, also, in reading the information, it mentions that the Wyandot reservation was emptied in 1842. In my Green genealogy, compiled by a distant cousin, it mentions the date of the earliest arrival in Iowa being 1842. The name of that family was Edwards, the name of the Moravian with Heckweleder (Do I have the name right? I know it is misspelled, but I get the names of Zeisburger and Heckwelader mixed up.) I do know that after Gnaddenhutten, the remaining Moravians were sent to somewhere near this Seneca county area location, if I recall correctly. Needless to say, I am a bit intrigued, shall we say? I do believe I will email Deb. She has been a bit under the weather, so she has not been active. She will be very interested. Her family's story is also Blackfoot Cherokee. Both of us had Ralston relatives, brothers, who married Indian women, mine being the ggggrandmother who called herself Blackfoot (and I think that it is the same for Deb), and followed the rest of the group to Iowa in 1852 from near Pittsburgh. My family says the Sinkeys of Huntington, PA brought in the Indian blood while her family says the Ralstons brought in the Indian blood. Both families had pipe-smoking ancestors and descendents who hid the traditions. Both of us also had ancestors who were sons of these two native American wives who were known as "The Fox."

Cindy

[techteach]

Oops, Van Meters were not in the same cemetery as my gggrandmother but still in the area, Jones and Johnson counties in Iowa, married to folks with ties to Licking County, OH and my family. The DeMoss' are certainly in the same cemetery.

Cindy

[Bess]

Cindy,

The BEAVER surname is an anglicized version of the German, BEIBER or BIEBER. It appears also as BEVER, so check all four in your research.

I saw an index to the “The Green Tree” book and the BEAVER family is mentioned. See: http://lcgs.npls.org/greenidx.htm


I found some new info on the Beaver, Vanmeter, and Mohawk ties. According to Joseph Beaver, an ancestor of Ann Beaver Green, who lived on the border of the Van meter/Mohawk reserve, the relatives of John Van meter frequented the Bever family home for many years. This included, Van meter’s Indian brother in law, Isaac Brandt. This info came up in a secondary source; I am still tracking down the original and will pass it on as soon as I locate it.

The Beavers were leaders in the German United Brethren Church in pioneer days in Seneca County; this is the same denomination that Benjamin Green adhered to in Licking County. You may want to search these church records for possible Indian ties between these (Beaver/Vanmeter/Green) and other related families.

Bess

[techteach]

Bess,
I thought of Bieber last night. I had Biebers in my high school who came from near where the Sinkey/Green bunch settled. So I did a search online and found that they were interchangeable. Then I searched the Jackson County, IA cemetery listings and did not find them. However, I did find them in Jones County down where I found the Van Meter marriage. I also found the following obit:

Joseph French
Born 1823 John O. French
Born 1827
Joseph French, farmer, Sec. 21; P.O. Canton; was born in Greene Co., Penn., in 1823; in 1830, he removed with his parents to Licking Co., Ohio, where he lived until 1846, when he moved to Clay Township, Jones Co., Iowa; in 1849, he went to Noble Co., Ind., and there married his first wife, Miss Catherine Sinkey; in 1852, they removed to where he now resides and remained one year, then moved to Brandon Township, Jackson Co., where his first wife died; there were two children by this marriage - Charlotte (now the wife of Richard Demoss, Jackson Co., Iowa), Angeline (now Mrs. Andrew Gracey of this township); in the latter part of 1854, Mr. French returned to Clay Township, and, in 1856, married his present wife, Gracie C. Beaver; their children are William N. (who married Agnes Orr), Mary J., James M., Sarah J., and Amanda A. Mr. French owns 240 acres of land; his farm is finely improved, and he is one of the well-to-do farmers of Clay Township. In politics, Mr. F. is Democrat.

This obit gives lots of locations, doesn't it?

French is a name that is related to me. I had a classmate whose family went to our church. His mother once told me that we were related. I always thought it was my father's family because they were German immigrants who ironically settled near my mother's mixed ancestors. However, since my ggrandparents separated themselves from the Indian ancestors, I did not know of that connection until the last two years.
Bill said that the PA census taker where my Blackfoot ancestor was located was named French.

Cindy

[Red Hawk]

I have been reading with interest the discussions on the various names which were common in SW PA and NW WV, better known as the Monongahela River valley and to the Indians of the area before white interference as the Ohio (Upper Ohio, Ohio is a Wyandot word, while Monongahela is a Shawnee word). To the Indians of the region the rivers Ohio, Allegeny, and the Monongahela were the same (as were the surrounding drainage creeks.) They were all the "Ohio". To whites this was not the case. Be sure when studying the origin of any person or named family to know if they were using the Indian understanding of locale or the white interpretation.
The name Green was common in both SW PA and most areas westward including the area of Ashland County Wisconsin as early as 1850. The total population of that area of Wisconsin with the name Green was (by record of census) Indian. In SW PA many Indian families took on the persona of the Moravian Germans who came to "civilise" them. Intermarrying was common with the Indian "becoming a Moravian" in all but DNA. Within a few generations the changeover would be complete. Not all children in these lines would stay Moravian and many went back to their Indian roots. This was one reason for the spread of the names (many with German spellings or German words for the original Indian Idea-Name). The hatred for Indians in SW PA/NW WV was intense, fully genocidal in reality. Hiding their new converts was a true "christian mission" for the early Moravian communities. In their church records they sometimes indicated Indian converts with a small "i" behind their names. By the 1840's this practise had dissapeared as the need for such recognition had faded through intermarriage and euro cutural christianisation.
The Chippewa (Ojibwe) and their Ottawa neighbours from the eastern Great Lakes moved west to WI (and near their western most Ojibwe relatives) by the Mid 1800's taking with them a great many mixed blood former Moravians and refugees from other related tribes. The Stockbridge Delware and Muncys who now live in NE WI are one such group who followed other "friendly Indian nations" into the WI area. On the way they lived in OH and IN and many fought with Tecumseh in The War of 1812. Many of their leaders were outspokenly for peace, but the individual warriors had freedom to act as they saw fit. By the time the Delaware arrived in IN, they were not only tired of the Moravian missionaries but refused to even carry on relations with them when they set up new missions in IN. Many of these same Delaware were responsible for the raids which made the KY frontier so hard for the white settlers. The Chippewa of MI and WI, the Ottawa, Wyandot, Shawnee who had all once had territory on the Upper Ohio (Indian definition) joined in much of the fighting which raged across the old Northwest Territory from 1774-1813.
My family came from the Monongahela at a small creek called Catts Run which was 86 miles south of Ft' Pitt. The village was named for my family as Poundstone Bottom and had the distinction of being the youthful home village of Cornstalk (a Shawnee overall Chief mid 1700's to his death in 1777). The land was registered by my family with many of the family members becoming Moravian converts (like Cornstalks mother, the wife of Paxsinosa, Elizabeth.) In my line John Poundstone refuses the Moravian way and moves west to Indiana territory to join a village of mixed Delaware and Shawnee (likely also Seneca) on a creek they called the Mahoning in what is now Rush County IN. Other family members moved instead through Licking County OH to Wyandot and Hardin Counties of NW OH and then on to the area of the Big Miami reserve in IN. These areas were highly concentrated with Indian mixed bloods or Indian refugees who kept being pushed west ahead of the main body of settlers (or actually joining them) as they moved west. The areas of NW Ohio were the last "treaty lands" of the Shawnee, Wyandot and Ottawa before their removal to MO, KS and OK. Some of my "moravian" family members even end in Shawnee KS and OK. We have extensive details on each generation in our family, but even a few years ago we had no more then the half rememberings of my Great Aunts and the stories told by my Great Grandmother and Grandfather (all full bloods). The message here is keep looking you will find it, but read the available histories of EVERY area where your family has been, every silly little local historian, every famous one too. You will be suprized how many "old tales from the family" start making sense and how many names will show up.
By the way my Grandmother on my mothers side who was referred to as German Jewish actually appears to be an Indian adoption into a German Jewish family in Ashland WI....neighbours of the Greens...Indian Green families...who made a fuss about her and her "status" causing my German "relatives" to flee to Chicago with their four German children and their one "Indian adopted" daughter...more on this later...road trip needed to solve this one. Best to all...Paselo John

[vance hawkins]

Howdy John --

I'd like to pick at your brain if you don't mind. You have brought up a lot of topics of interest. I'll probably never be able to touch base on all of 'em.

You mentioned lookin' in the history of the local area for little tidbits -- I agree 100 percent! Also the importance of looking in Church records, but for me it is Methodist, Presbytarian and even Moravian some too. Moravians were invited into the Cherokee Nation (Spring Place Mission) in 1801. Names that don't appear on rolls might appear in Church records. One ancestor helped organize the first Methodist Church in Arkansas, and in Chronicles of Oklahoma it says that church was also the beginnings of Methodism in Indian Territory as the early Methodist ministers rode "circuits" and that circuit also crossed into Indian Territory. This was in 1815 before Indian Territory (Oklahoma today) was even organized. An earlier generation of that ancestor was also in a Melungeon Church in SW Virginia.

1. I was wondering what you think of the Melungeons? One man called them the "friendly Indians" who helped build Fort Blackmore. He said they moved to his area (Hancock County I think, in NE Tn) area between 1795 and 1815. I personally think they were Christianized Indians and other theories are nonsense, but I might be wrong. Were there any removals of Ohio/Penn Indians between those years? After Fallen Timbers there was the Greenville Treaty of 1794 or 5. Did it include removal? I've found other tribes moving about those times. Would any of those people (Shawnee, Wyandotte, Delaware, Miama and others) have gone south to Ky or Tn? I don't think so, but want to verify it.

I think the Tuscarora sold their last lands in NC during those years and were not heard from again until recently when some people claim descendance from them.

2. I have Dickson/Wood/Richey ancestors in Gibson County, Indiana -- leaving Virginia for Indiana from sometime between 1797 and 1806. In a neighboring County (Pike County, Indiana) there is a church called "Blackfoot Church" with a legend that it was named for "Blackfoot Indians" who were living in the area. It says the church was started at the end of the 18th century, the same time frame my ancestors appear there. There is a Ritchey buried in that cemetery dating from an early period. What do you know of the term "Blackfoot" relating to "Eastern Blackfoot"? One of my great uncles was named "Swaney" Richey (born 1880s in the Chickasaw Nation of South Central Oklahoma), making me wonder if there might be Shawnee in the family background somewhere. Another great uncle was named "Hoten" Richey and I thought "Hoten" (dad called him Uncle Hoten, pronouncing it HO-d'n) with "O" pronounced as in "host". I have wondered if it might might be Algonquin. This might just be a wild goose chase, tho, I don't know.

3. Have you seen --http://www.oldstatehouse.com/educational_programs/classroom/arkansas_news/detail.asp?id=634&issue_id=39&page=3

-- mention is made of a Cherokee Chief Takatoka who went to Illinios and I assume neighboring states trying to get the Indian peoples up there to migrate to Arkansas? He died in 1827. My Indiana ancestors (surnamed Richey) are living in 1872 in the same place in Arkansas where Takatoka's Village was located 45 years earlier. My Richey's married my Brown's and lived on the Arkansas River in Indian Territory but still very close to Fort Smith, Arkansas, right on the Ok/Ark border. They moved to the Chickasaw Nation in the 1880s.

4. A lot of peope speak of "Blackfoot-Cherokee" and I think I can show ancestors from both groups. But mine married in Ark/Ok and not in Tn/Ky/WVa as some other people claim with these ancestors. There is no historical documentation for this "Blackfoot-Cherokee lable, is there? Maybe from a Shawnee perspective you might have the missing parts of the puzzle, as researching from the Cherokee side, there were NO Cherokee perminantly in Kentucky, other than raiders trying to keep settlers out -- at least during the histopric period. Maybe you know who these Indians in Kentucky might have been that family stories record as "Blackfoot-Cherokee".

5. You spoke of the "Green" surname". There are people in Missouri claiming they are descende from a Cherokee chief named "Gardner Greene." Now most Cherokee say there never was any Chorokee named "Gardner Greene". Have you ever heard of him? Maybe he was from one of the tribes North of the Ohio.


Well I know that's a lot . . . God forgive me for lumping that all on you all at once. :)

vance

[techteach]

Vance,
If you don't mind me adding in a couple of things I found, here they are:

I have a book here called "My Family Says This" written by a Green descendent who says that there were Cherokee in Dauphin County, PA. Now I have not been able to verify this in any other source, although I certainly do not claim to have all sources. Thus far, all of my searching has been online, except for a stint to my university library where I found the information that that part of PA was home to many refugee southern tribes but Cherokee was not mentioned. That being said, that is the location of part of my family who supposedly were Cherokee. (I no longer believe this.)
I have however, found a reference to several Cherokee being brought north during the Revolution to fight in PA.
I continue to find Richeys as I search, so if this spelling is part of yours also, they seem to have followed some of the same routes as my folks. Certainly, some of my folks were down in Gibson County, IN also.
I found a web site on early German Brethren church members after Bess mentioned them. This is the web site : http://www.cob-net.org/america.htm Somewhere on that web site is a description of the early roads and routes of the Brethren. Very interesting reading and might provide an explanation of why folks from different areas of PA and WVA end up in the same place in Iowa.

Cindy

[techteach]

John:
Thanks for the information. I am finding two other sources useful also. The roster for the Revolutionary War that includes my ggggggrandfather, William Sinkey, has most of the names that show up in later places. I keep returning to it. I used the online PA Rev War cards found at http://www.digitalarchives.state.pa.us . Using this, I found several named Sink. I find this name again in northern Ohio. I also found a Thomas Sinkey who has an interesting comment. He was scouting in the Kishcoquilla Valley and asks to be relieved from duty as he "is on the frontier must move family, break up settlement entirely." Do you have any context to build on this? William also scouted in Kishcoquilla Valley .
I have also been looking at the original document index found at : http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Index/203000b.htm Now my university library is making the originals available to me if I find something relevant.
Using this source, I found that a note about the Seneca being called Sinneken and Sineker by the Dutch. This is so like Sinkey that I began to suspect that Sinkey might come from this. I found at the Seneca history web site that Sinneken came from the Mohegan term of "people of the standing stone" and was actually Sinika, that the ending was added by the Dutch. Add this to the fact that William's brother Richard Sinkey lived at Standing Stone (Huntington) and it becomes really interesting.
One other source that I am finding very useful is to follow other family names. For example, Bill found a granddaughter of my Andrew Huston. Her name was Ozwalt - her father was Tobias Ozwalt - a name on William Sinkey's Rev War roster. If you search the Ozwalt web site, it mentions rumors of Blackfoot Indians, although the author thought it was Western. Also, Cooley is a name that marries into my family and is buried in the same cemetery as my Blackfoot ancestor. If you follow the Cooley genealogy at the Licking county site, you find that the first Cooley in Licking County came from Canandiaga,NY, a Seneca town. (There is a Cooley picture on one of their web sites who is the image of my brother.) That web site also says - and this is for Bess too - that Brother Titus took the Cooley/Sinkey bunch to Iowa in 1843. Now who was Brother Titus? Think I will check my list of people buried with my ancestors.

Cindy

[vance hawkins]

Cindy,

you said --

I have a book here called "My Family Says This" written by a Green descendent who says that there were Cherokee in Dauphin County, PA.

reply --

Is this just a single book? Does it provide a bibliography? Are there any referrences in it? Anything in it that can be verified? That is interesting. I enjoy hearing about little known sources of information.

you said --

Thus far, all of my searching has been online, except for a stint to my university library where I found the information that that part of PA was home to many refugee southern tribes but Cherokee was not mentioned.

reply --

When, what time frame, are you talking about? There are records of Cherokee in Ohio between the 1770s and mid 1790s. They were living with the other Ohio tribes on the Scioto River in Ohio. However after the Greenville Treaty they returned to SE Tn nad adjacent states.

you said --

I have however, found a reference to several Cherokee being brought north during the Revolution to fight in PA.


reply --

George Washington used 200 Cherokee in the French and Indian War and they were supposed to have gone to somewhere near Pitttsburgh if my memory is correct. It was said that Christopher Gist (a good friend of George Washington and who once is recorded as having saved George Washington's life, also the grandfather of Sequoyah, was said to have been an advocate of incorporating Indians into the troups and commands against the French first and 20 someodd years later in the revolutionary War against the Brittish. I haven't found where that was put into practice though.

I'd love to know the source of the material where these Cherokee were brought north, as I am doing research trying to find referrences of Cherokee that left the Cherokee Nation. Do oyu knnow if they returned south after the war?

Those 200 who went North in the French and Indian War did go back South and the government treated them very badly, occasionally fighting against them, stealing their horses, et cetera.

You also mention the German Brethren. Were these the Moravians? There was a second gorup called "German Brethren" or a similar such name, and this second group later merged into the what is now the United Methodist Church. They both seem to have gone by the same name, but the Moravians say this group that merged with Methodism were not the Moravians, althoI have yet to find out which gourp was which, exactly.

I have seen 2 early day groups of "Richey's" -- one in SC anbd the other in Pa, and then there are a very few in Va, but they appear in Va a little later than in Pa or SC it seems. It is possible my ancestor was born in Va in 1797 but his parents might have been born in Pa. Maybe Va was just a short stop over . . . I don't know how to verify it or not since census records say my g-g-g-grandpa was born in Va in 1797 and I don't know who his parents were, and have seen no Va census of 1800 with a Richey boy under 5 years old . . . I never have seen the 1800 Virginia census in fact. :).

You said your ancestors were in Gibson County, and they came there from Pennsylvaina? What were their surnames? When did they arrive in Gibson County? Were there Richeys in the same county in Pa?

You mentioned family stories of Cherokee. Thre are many groups that tried tom call themselves Cherokee of some place or anopther that later was shown to be false -- Buffalo Ridge Va (I believe they are Monacan), the Lumbee were once called Cherokee as were other groups. For some reason people thought of Cherokee . . . :) It is possible that since their own gourp was declared extinct they chose the name of a tribe still existing. Or possibly they were Christian and their Christian teachers told them to forget their "heathen" past -- language and culture . . . I really don't have an answer for this. Perhaps the truth is a black mark on American history.

Vance

[techteach]

Vance.

I will see if I can address some of this. Unfortunately, I cannot give the location of some of the things, as I didn't mark all of them.
The book is called "My Family Tells This Story" by Snow Flower. In this book, she offers her families hidden native American story. Part of her story is also my story, as the author is also a descendent of Regnald Green, of the Green family who moved from Shepherdstown, WVA to Licking County as I am. However, I do not necessarily agree with some of her methods and information. At the same time, she has some information on how to identify a few things such as physical characteristics. She includes a section on native American names and the locations where they were which interestingly does not include the Greens of Licking County (I have a picture of one of the Greens who came on to Iowa. There is definitely some native American there.). I do not see a Richey or Ritchey but I do see Hawkins. She also has a section of locations of different tribes. She places mixed tribes in Dauphin County, including Cherokee. And yes, there is a bibliography.
I can't tell you where I saw the newspaper part. I just found it one day, probably looking for verification of Cherokee locations. It was a newspaper article transposed online and spoke of Cherokee being brought north.
And the German Brethren - I am trying to figure this out myself. I can't get a handle on the early church organizations at this point, but until Bess posted, I wasn't looking for German Brethren. I had begun to suspect Moravian involvement because my Rhodes seemed to follow the same path, there were missions at locations of the various groups to came to Iowa, and in part, because Joseph Rhodes granddaughter marries a Czechoslovakian immigrant in Ohio. Czechoslovakia is where the Moravian Church got started I think.
What I am finding is that there were several denominations that called themselves Brethren, one of which included the Moravians. I did find their web site interesting. It outlines the early trails of the missionaries and helps explain why the different locations could come together in the same place. Thought I would tell you that one of the early Moravians was named Hutton. Kind of like Hoten, isn't it?
After Bess sent me looking in northern Ohio, I read an early history that was interesting. The writer was clearly sympathetic towards the native Americans. He circled around the fact that the Iroquois there spoke a language like the Cherokee and ended up making it sound as if the natives there were Cherokee. Many of those names were also my names.

My timeline goes from late 1700s to around 1860, as my folks moved from PA and WVA, to Licking County, OH and then to Iowa. It was only recently that I was directed to the various Indiana locations. Names that I look at include among others : Sinkey, Green, Potter, Huston, Rhoads, Cooley, Streets, Edwards, Metcalf, Butt, Blamer, Ralston, McClellend, McLane, Mccallum and others who intermarry, including Payne, Beaver and others that I cannot recall off the top of my head.
Hope this addresses your questions.

Cindy

[vance hawkins]

Cherokee and Tuscaroran are both southern Iriquoian languages. Tuscarora did go up North. I once knew a Tuscarora/Cherokee mixed person who gave me the impression some Cherokee might have gone north to the Six Nations -- he lived in the Six Nations in Canada, but I haven't heard from him in a couple of years and no longer have his e-mail address, and I have forgotten the datails. I'd like to be able to document it, tho, but I can't.

About Hawkins, my earliest Hawkins I can document is Joshua Hawkins, b @1837, Alabama according to census records when he lived in Texas. Never have found his parents. He had a son named William Benjamin Hawkins, but we can not trace our family to "THE" Benjamin Hawkins, of the Creek agency. Grand pa and great grandpa both had the middle name of "Allen" making me think it might be a maiden surname of an ancestor. Allen is a very common Chickasaw and Creek surname, also Alabama-Coushatta and they went to Texas near the Alabama Coushatta (all these are Muscogean peoples).

Ther reason I put the spelling and pronounciation was I don't think Hoten is Hooten or Hutton. Dad called his uncle "HO-d'n (Hoten), with the accent on the first syllable ("ho" pronounced as "ho" in host) and the second syllable barely audibly pronounced at all, almost like HO--'n. But you might be right, I might be making too much out of it. I just never knew anyone else with that name.

I think you are right about the Chech's (sp?) being Moravians.

Well I just got off work and I'm starvin'. :) -- gonna eat then rest a bit. More later.

thanks

Vance

[Tom]

Hello, I have heard of a "Snow Flower", I once met a woman who had an ancestor that was named thta and this person had found her diary in a museum in Nebraska? , it told of her travels back to the Cherokee nation with a child in the dead of winter from the Dakotas.
Not sure if this is the same person but maybe!

[techteach]

Tom,
I doubt it. I know Snow Flower, at least via email. Her nom de pen is from that of her native American ancestor whose story is in the book.

Cindy

[Tom]

Yes really Cindy, this lady was the organizer of the Cherokee descendants org. from Wyoming state, she made such a claim and said that she located such a diary, email me if you want her name then you can contact her! sounds like maybe you should really persue this or have the current Snow Flower email me.

[Bill Childs]

Cindy,
"Brother Titus" moved to Iowa in about 1843 ??
Searching the 1850 Iowa census for a person with the first name of "Titus", yeilds

1850 Jackson Co., Iowa Census:
613, TITUS H. COOLEY, 47, Farmer, $300, NY
..........Nancy, 45, Oh.
..........Charles, 20, Oh.
..........Adamantia, 16, Oh.
..........Melinda, 7, Oh.
=======can't be a coincidence===========

and at:
602, George Green, 66, Farmer, Va.
615, George Potter, 35, Farmer, $300, Oh.
619, Andrew Huston, 28, Farmer, ? , Oh.
621, Elikin Wilson, 53, farmer, ? , NJ.

(the "?" only means I didn't record the R.E. Value.)
===================

Other surnames living in the immediate area:
EDWARDS (3)
DUTTON (2)
MORGAN (2)
DILLON (1)
TRACY (3)
............................................
Bill

[techteach]

Bill:
Thank you, that has to be the one. In fact, I find all those names in my Green genealogy, although Morgan and Dutton are first names. But that just means I would find it as a last name if I looked farther out than what I have.
This would infer that they might be members of a German Brethren Church with Brother Titus as a leader just as Bess found, right? The Cooleys came from Canandaiga, NY originally to Licking County in 1807. The Sinkeys followed in 1814. The Greens arrived before, I believe, in the late 1700s.
Thanks, Bill. Now, I will poke in the Morgan and Dutton lines when I have a moment.

Cindy

[techteach]

Bill:
Actually, seeing those names, you know you have been at this a while when you see Andrew Huston and know who he was immediately. He would be my gggggrandmother's brother and the elusive Andrew Huston's son. He does not stay in Iowa and moves further west. What I know of him is that those hunting for the family that I have been in contact with lose him at that time. Since they can't find his father either, they assume that he followed Andrew Junior and might be buried wherever he ended up. I am sort of the opinion that Andrew Senior ends up in Hickory Grove with the rest. That cemetery has a lot of space with no markers, especially near the Huston monument.
Have to check the family tree for this George Green.

Cindy

[techteach]

Bill and others interested:
I googled Titus Cooley and found him in eastern Iowa in 1842, in Cascade, IA which is very near to the whole group of Greens, Sinkeys, Hustons, etc. in Jackson County. This is from the history of Cascade:

"Bucknam laid out town along military road thus accounting for its crooked streets. Alvin Burt, Titus Cooley, the McGintys, Peter Summers, Egbert Macomber, the Powells, C. O. Freeman, Elon Rafferty, Lyman Dillon, the Winchells, the Parrotts, Mahlon Lupton, John Rafferty, W. W. Hamilton, G. G. Banghart (operated large general store), Judge Taylor, Levi A. Styles, Peter Knoop, Joseph Dean, Alonzo Meecham, Nathan W. Dolan, John Gibson, and Asa Leek (big sheep man) were all early settlers. W. W. Hamilton was first lawyer and prominent politically; a member of the state senate during the 5th and 6th sessions and was its presiding officer. " This came off the Dubuque County rootsweb site. I found another Cooley there too, James, and I will paste he and his wife's picture here if I can .

Well, it did not work. If interested, they are at : http://www.rootsweb.com/~iadubuqu/platpicts/casc_whitwtr82/jcoohey.JPG Look at James Cooley's wife. Bill, somewhere on that Dubuque rootsweb site it says that they were also in Indiana. Does a lookup on ancestry.com require the knowledge of where they were in Indiana. If it is easy, can you look them up? The information says that his wife was born in Michigan while he came from Genesse County, NY.

What is kind of interesting is that Cooley appears to be a prominent name in early Iowa history. There was a Dennis Cooley who was so prominent that he came to the attention of President Lincoln. He was appointed as Indian Commissioner in South Carolina by President Lincoln.

Techteach

[techteach]

Oops, sorry. James Cooley was born in Ohio, not New York.

Cindy

[techteach]

Got too excited and got something else wrong too. Dennis Nelson Cooley, of Iowa, was not S.Carolina Indian Commissioner nor appointed as such by President Lincoln. He was appointed as "Commissioner to South Carolina and at the same time acted as special Commissioner to settle titles and the right to possession of the city of Charleston." President Johnson appointed him as Commissioner of Indian Affairs in July, 1865. He resigned in Sept., 1866.

Cindy

[Bill Childs]

There are two of them, naturally, in Iowa. Number 2 fits the bill but the first one makes it more difficult.

1)
1850 Jackson Co, Iowa census; Brandon Twp, pg.312B, 17 Sept.
at 456, 456:
Clark COOLEY, 54, m, farmer, $0, NY
Mary, 43, Penn.
Daniel, 23, Ohio
Isaac, 20, Oh
Louisa, 18, Oh
Lavina, 16, Oh
JAMES L., 14, Oh*******
John, 12, Oh
Elain, 10, Oh
Mary, 7, Iowa
Melissa J., 4, Iowa
Prisilia, 2, Iowa
Samuel W., 1, Iowa
Mary SINKEY, 80, Penn.

(at 453 is Eldad Cooley's family.
at 455 is Asa Cooley's family.)

2)
1850 Dubueque Co. Iowa census; Dist (?) No. 7, pg.36, 25 Sept:
at:
484, 498,
Caleb BUCKMAN, 50, m, none, $2300, N.H.
Louisa, 48, N.H.
Harriett, 15, Mich.

at 484, 499 (living in same dwelling, different family-usually related.)
James COOLEY, 21, m, farmer, $0, Ohio*******
Elvina, 17, Mich. (probably a BUCKMAN)
Augustis, 1, Iowa.

.............................
Bill

[techteach]

Bill:
Thanks. They are both interesting lookups. My genealogy says that William Sinkey, the Rev. War Ranger, and his wife, Mary, came to Iowa to live with a daughter. This looks like it might be that family, because of the 80-year-old living with them. I think the wife here was Mary (Polly) Sinkey. My information says that it was the daughter Jane.
In the second one, I have seen the name Buckman as I have looked at different places.
I searched the 1790 and early 1800 population tables of Canandaigua, NY last night. Most all of the names I see again and again, except Sinkey, Huston, and Ralston. Seems like the Cooleys hold a lot of clues. I also went to the Cooley genforum. Cooley appears to be a name found among the Cherokee and Choctaw. However, as they seem to have been a family that intermarried with and protected native Americans by leading them to places of safety, I am not surprised.
Thanks again!

Cindy

[techteach]

Bill, Bess and anyone else interested,
I think that I am getting a picture of what the situation was with my family coming to Iowa. Eldad Cooley is listed as a minister on the Jackson County web site, and it says in my genealogy that his family housed the family of Lydia Margaret Green Stickley for a few years. Her first two children were born there.
Titus Cooley was a Justice of the Peace, at least that is what I guess JP means. Both these Cooleys are listed as marrying people on the Jackson County web site.
Dennis Nelson Cooley, the Indian Commissioner, was a judge in Dubuque County, which abuts Jackson County.
I have read in the past that the Potters had lots of ministers. On this web site, we see that. Nathan Potter was an Elder and/or minister - I think that there were two Nathan Potters. I know that one marries a DeMoss, the brother to my gggrandmother, Mary Lovina Potter. Luke Potter (Remember him, Bill?) was a JP.
My great aunt's book states that my ggrandparents, the Uriah Ralstons, avoided both the Potters and Sinkeys, but particularly the Sinkeys. My uncle says that it was the Indian. Deb, whose family is more Sinkey than Ralston, says her family said it was the Ralstons that were native. My family, who is more Ralston than Sinkey, brought in the native. Truth is, they both did.
Looks like the Cooleys and Potters were much more open-minded than my ggrandparents.
Interesting.

Cindy

[techteach]

Bill,
The James Cooley in the picture would be the 21 year old farmer married to the Buckman. The Dubuque County historical society says he was born in Ohio in 1828 while his wife was born in Michigan. Fits.

Cindy

[vance hawkins]

Cindy,

I am happy for you.

Do you know what denomination your ancestors were ordained in?

Many counties have a record fof their past in books entitled "History of Such-n-Such County" and often there is a section on religion, when and where the first churches were started.

Also I know for the Methodist Church we have books entitled "History of Methodism in Oklahoma" or "Arkansas", or what ever state you want to look at. Every United Methodist Church also has a "Church Archivist" who keeps church records. Many of these references will have more information on your family if your ancestors were ministers.

You probably have already thought of these things . . .

good luck -- sounds like you are making progress. Good to see that. :)

vance

[techteach]

Thanks, Vance. Not sure what denomination they were. Seem to have been Methodist if M.E. means Methodist. My mother was Methodist and the obits of all her family seem to be that too. Titus Cooley fired the bricks for the Methodist and Catholic churches in Cascade, IA. However, I found a mention of United Brethren too. Titus was called Brother Titus in the Cooley's Licking County web site.

Cindy

[vance hawkins]

M.E. is Methodist-Episcopal. Four pretty good sized groups united to form the United Methodist church of today -- and 2 of those 4 were Methodist-Episcopal and United Brethren, with United Brethren being originally a German speaking Church. As I said, the Moravians seem to have also used the name United Brethren at some point, and they were also a German speaking church -- but they claim they are not the same group that united with the Methodist when I emailed them about this, so I got confused (not a new state for me), and I still am confused over just who was who . . . I never really looked into it further and just dropped it.

Methodist-Episcopal Church was split in two over the issue of Slavery, with them being called Methodist-Episcopal North and South depending on whether you lived in a Slave or a free state in the 1840s. They didn't reunite until much after the Civil War.

I'll bet there is a book somewhere entitled "History of Methodism in Ohio", or Iowa, or Pennsylvania, or Illinois or Indiana (or something very similar) . . .I believe there is oneor more such books for every state, with some perhaps having multiple volumes. It should mention somewhere which pastors were appointed and in what years they were appointed, to a given church or a circuit, with other bits of history probably not well documented elsewhere, some perhaps relevant to your situation, and some perhaps not.

I have to go to work at midnight and I won't be getting off til about noon tomorrow, but once I am rested up I can look into this more thuroughly.

Vance

[techteach]

Thanks a lot, Vance. That is really helpful information. Did the Methodists call themselves "Brother" and have "Elders?" I see this a lot also in the stuff I have been looking at.
If I were able to go down to Jackson County, Ia, I might find the answers about the Cooleys. The web site only says that Eldad Cooley was a minister, not which church. Titus Cooley was called "Brother Titus" on the Ohio Cooley genealogy web site and JP on the Jackson County web site. Or maybe I would have to go to Dubuque County's historical society. That was where they lived, although they were closer to the Jackson/Jones Counties than to Dubuque. They lived kind of in the corner of the three counties. In fact, Canton, one of the main towns, lies half in Jackson and half in Jones Counties.
To complicate things, the NY Cooleys came from an area with a Quaker presence led by a woman, while the PA Ralstons came from an area where the Quakers located to teach Cornplanter's Senecas on their reservation and almost all the locations of all branches of the family were located where the Moravians were. In fact, their web site has an interesting description of the early trails that the missionaries followed. There is a road through each location my ancestors came from.

Cindy

[techteach]

Linda,
Here's one for you. The Eldad Cooley that Bill found marries a Harris, Martha, I think, in Ohio.

Cindy

[Linda]

I only have a minute, have to go pick up my youngest at the soccer game. Please remind me to read this whole thread when I get back on line for real. I don't have much access right now. I've missed this whole thread.

[Bill Childs]

Cindy & Linda,
I'll take a look at that. I haven't taken an indepth look at Eldad and there are a lot of Harris's in Ohio, in his time frame, I.D.'d by Haithcock - but his work needs more work.
Bill

[techteach]

I am guessing that Eldad Cooley might have been white, although my only reason is the picture I found of James Cooley and his very native-looking wife. Eldad is called a minister in a couple of sources I have, but since I saw that the early Methodist church would just call someone who wanted to be a preacher a preacher, and that several also had to support themselves as farmers, he might have been one of those. He let a Green live two years with him after they came to Iowa from Ohio, but looks as if they were related.
I found the Cooley information on http://www.a-c-o-m.com/genealogy6.htm This is where I found that they first came from Canandaiga, NY. I know I already said this but I found a Cooley picture there that looks the image of my little brother. Kind of seemed eerie.
The Cooleys and Bess' information has kind of settled my mind. I can better see who my ancestors were and why they came to Iowa.

Cindy

[techteach]

I am guessing that Eldad Cooley might have been white, although my only reason is the picture I found of James Cooley and his very native-looking wife. Eldad is called a minister in a couple of sources I have, but since I saw that the early Methodist church would just call someone who wanted to be a preacher a preacher, and that several also had to support themselves as farmers, he might have been one of those. He let a Green live two years with him after they came to Iowa from Ohio, but looks as if they were related.
I found the Cooley information on http://www.a-c-o-m.com/genealogy6.htm This is where I found that they first came from Canandaiga, NY. I know I already said this but I found a Cooley picture there that looks the image of my little brother. Kind of seemed eerie.
The Cooleys and Bess' information has kind of settled my mind. I can better see who my ancestors were and why they came to Iowa.

Cindy

[techteach]

I am guessing that Eldad Cooley might have been white, although my only reason is the picture I found of James Cooley and his very native-looking wife. Eldad is called a minister in a couple of sources I have, but since I saw that the early Methodist church would just call someone who wanted to be a preacher a preacher, and that several also had to support themselves as farmers, he might have been one of those. He let a Green live two years with him after they came to Iowa from Ohio, but looks as if they were related.
I found the Cooley information on http://www.a-c-o-m.com/genealogy6.htm This is where I found that they first came from Canandaiga, NY. I know I already said this but I found a Cooley picture there that looks the image of my little brother. Kind of seemed eerie.
The Cooleys and Bess' information has kind of settled my mind. I can better see who my ancestors were and why they came to Iowa.

Cindy

[techteach]

I am guessing that Eldad Cooley might have been white, although my only reason is the picture I found of James Cooley and his very native-looking wife. Eldad is called a minister in a couple of sources I have, but since I saw that the early Methodist church would just call someone who wanted to be a preacher a preacher, and that several also had to support themselves as farmers, he might have been one of those. He let a Green live two years with him after they came to Iowa from Ohio, but looks as if they were related.
I found the Cooley information on http://www.a-c-o-m.com/genealogy6.htm This is where I found that they first came from Canandaiga, NY. I know I already said this but I found a Cooley picture there that looks the image of my little brother. Kind of seemed eerie.
The Cooleys and Bess' information has kind of settled my mind. I can better see who my ancestors were and why they came to Iowa.

Cindy

[Bill Childs]

Cindy,
Please go to the "Welcome to Saponitown" forum and read LENA's post of "Still Looking for BASS....... " She has POTTERs.
Bill

[techteach]

So I saw. Looks like her story is really similar too. I think that the NA came through the line that the Potters married into. Same Cherokee-Blackfoot story too.

Techteach

[techteach]

Deb found yet another tidbit that seems to indicate that the people who came to Iowa from Ohio were recognized as Iroquois. She found a treaty calling the Iroquois "Canton Indians." Our Sinkey/Potter/Green/Huston folks settled in and neara town called Canton, Iowa.

Cindy

[vance hawkins]

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/hlawquery.html

1 U.S. Serial Set, Number 4015, 56th Congress, 1st Session, Pages 744 and 745
2 Bills and Resolutions, Senate, 29th Congress, 1st Session: Mr. Atchison, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted a report, (No. 135,) accompanied by the following bill; which was read, and passed to a second reading. A Bill To pay for improvements on the Wyandot lands in Ohio and Michigan, in accordance with a valuation made in pursuance of the fifth article of the treaty between the United States ...
3 Senate Executive Journal --MONDAY, December 22, 1817.
4 Letters of Delegates to Congress: Volume 22 November 1, 1784 - November 6, 1785 --Samuel Holten to Samuel B. Webb
5 Senate Executive Journal --THURSDAY, December 31, 1829.
6 U.S. Serial Set, Number 4015, 56th Congress, 1st Session, Pages 776 and 777
7 Senate Executive Journal --WEDNESDAY, August 17, 1842.
8 House Journal --MONDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1806.
9 U.S. Serial Set, Number 4015, 56th Congress, 1st Session, Pages 684 and 685
10 Journals of the Continental Congress --MONDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1787.
11 Letters of Delegates to Congress: Volume 19 August 1, 1782 - March 11, 1783 --David Howell to Moses Brown
12 Senate Journal --MONDAY, December 24, 1827.
13 Senate Journal --MONDAY, December 15, 1828.
14 Senate Journal --MONDAY, February 16, 1846.
15 House Journal --TUESDAY, June 27, 1854.
16 Senate Journal --SATURDAY, July 11, 1846.
17 Journals of the Continental Congress --TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1787.
18 House Journal --MONDAY, January 15, 1821.
19 Senate Executive Journal --WEDNESDAY, March 2, 1831.
20 Senate Journal --MONDAY, May 19, 1834.

These are the 1st 20 of 100 references that can be looked into on that website by searching "Sandusky Indians" -- I imagine a different choice of search words will yield different government documents.

vance

[techteach]

What a great site, Vance, thanks! The data is terrific and the maps are just what I was searching for on the web.

Cindy

[Bill Childs]

Cindy,
More recently than the James Cooley lookup or the Eldad Cooley conversation, you asked me to try to find someone else.... I've lost my note on it and can't even find the thread it was on....
Who was it that you needed info on?
Bill

[techteach]

Hi, Bill,
You probably lost it when your computer crashed. My sympathies. Mine is 3 weeks back from Apple and needs to go back. I am trying to limp it along for a while.
I found out from Deb that my information on the Sinkey who was William's father, the William who was in the Revolution (so was Richard) was married to an Eno. Bridgette Eno, married to Richard Sinkey. I don't know where that information came from, seems I remember a surviving Bible. Wondered if you might take time to see if anything exists at Genealogy.com or Ancestry.com. I can't find anything, except suspicious marriages of Enos - Parrs, a location of an Eno cemetery near where my folks were in Iowa, and locations that were interesting.
I have been looking in online church records and family search.

Cindy

[techteach]

Bill:
This is what Deb sent me:

Richard Sinkey b. Abt 1742 PA
m. Abt 1766 PA
d. Abt 1814..Barree Twp, Huntingdon Co., PA
buried: Manor Hill Methodist Church Cemetary near Manor Hill, PA

m. Bridgid ENO b. abt 1746
d. abt 1816

Children:

1) William b. abt 1766 Huntingdon Co., PA
m. abt 1788
d. Sept 1899 Jackson Co., IA

m. Mary McCartney

2) Richard Sinkey, Jr. b. abt 1774 m. Mary Olyer
d. abt 1837

3) James Sinkey b. abt 1776

4) Elizabeth S inkey b. abt 1777 m. Daniel McCartney

5) Mary Sinkey b. abt 1778 m. Mathias Midy

6) Martha Sinkey b. abt 1779 m. Thomas Wheeler

If you can find anything about either Richard or Bridgid. I know that Richard was in the Revolution also, at least according to the PA digital library. One of his cards requests an exception to serving as he had to "move his family; break up the settlement entirely." Other cards say that both he and William were scouts in Kosquillas Valley (I am not spelling that correctly, but it is something like that. In any case, its spelling today did not quite match that of the Rev War cards.)

Cindy

[Bill Childs]

Found your early Richard Sinkey/Sankey, b.Pa (not England or Ireland), and father (?) Thomas, born "England", though - married Unknown prob. in Pa. The only Eno's found in early Penn were as ENNO, but they were from Connecticutt in 1760s (Susquehanna Company) emigrating to the Wyoming Valley which places them in the vicinity but there's no definite connection. A few "ENO" found in the mid-1800s in Luzerne County, but not earlier. This URL may not wrap properly but it's on the parent usgenweb Penn Index:

http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/pa/pafiles.htm

and search on ENNO. The Susquehanna Company was the only result that came up. Scroll through to page 77, shown as [77].
Previous pages provide a history of this endevour.

I haven't exhausted my "new-found resources" for this area so bear with me. It may take a couple days.
Still wondering what the source of Deb's info was, that Bridget was an "ENO" ? Can you fill me in on that?
Bill

[techteach]

Bill,
I will have to check with Deb. She has 3 daughters who tie up the computer though, so how soon she gets back to me is questionable. I believe that it might have been a family Bible. We have a cousin who is a Sinkey-Ralston descendent (and a Colville Indian) who gave me her Sinkey genealogy that she put together. She has a listing that is similar but looks like something that she could not read clearly.
Interesting, though, I don't believe that I have heard of a birth in England. Everything we have says Ireland if anything, in fact, William's grandson, Eldad (Sinkey not Cooley - darned confusing!) called himself Irish and Indian - that came from his granddaughter who I am in email contact with. Also, it gives Richard (there were far too many by that name!) as Thomas' younger brother. Deb and I have both come to be suspicious of the fact that all the Sankeys who stay in PA retain the name Sankey while all the Sinkeys who go west retain the spelling Sinkey. We have a Sankey-Sinkey book written by a descendent who makes a few judgements, justifying them with statements such as "this must be true because Dr. Wallman studied them for years."
There is however, a will that lists "Biddy" Sinkey as relinquishing her rights to control finances for her under-age children on the death of her husband Richard. Interestly enough, she relinquishes them to a Joshua Green.
I will email Deb and check your URL - I typed this reply before I checked it. I did see Thomas, Richard, William, and an Ezekial's Rev. War cards from PA.

Cindy

[Bill Childs]

At the risk of seeming defensive... the various "stuff" I've found can only mean that Thomas Sinkey and Thomas Sankey are the same person and his son Richard (William Richard, actually), which is your Richard Sinkey, b.1742, is found early on as a Sankey and later as a Sinkey - in the same county origination area AND there is no one else by that surname in the same area at the same time - ergo - they are very probably the same family line. I would go so far as to say that logically, they must be the same family.
The devil's in the details and England "owned" Northern Ireland then as now. Additionally, Londonderry, N.I., was a common transit point between Scotland (also an English possession), Liverpool, Rotterdam, Hamburg, Oslo, Stockholm, Copenhaven and even LaHarve, France, ... in short, all of northern Europe to North America. "Coming from Ireland" could be interrupted several different ways, which is not to say that this is the case, in this case - just noting what I "found" that was researched by others.
Not that every thing posted for family trees is to be believed nor just because it's posted electronically, it must be necessarily "new". One of these trees appears to be pretty old. Not that that appellation lends any credence or veracity to its accuracy, but it does appear to have a document/s at its base, due to its presentation.

Backing up to the "came from Ireland" or "Irishman" notations regarding the Sinkey/Sankeys ....
something of a "word-of-mouth" falacy has to be reckoned with and/or "knocked down" .....
most of these family trees were put together after the Irish migrations of the mid- to late-1840s and succeeding generations have come to believe that the Irish weren't here before then.
While you and I know that to be untrue, the person who did the orginal research for a specific tree may not have been so historically grounded.
Anyway, I'm digging at 'em.
Bill
P.S.... the SANKEYs that stayed in Penn were still marrying GREENs in the late 1800s !!! Go figure... must be pheronomes.
:)

[techteach]

Thanks for the info, Bill. I don't trust my sources anyway.
There is a Rev. Richard Sankey (Sinkey?) from the York, I think, at around the same time who leaves when the frontier becomes too dangerous. He heads for Virginia with his family and becomes a bit more well-known.
No word from Deb.

Cindy

[Linda]

This Eno name has me wondering. I don't know if I told you all the story about the booklet sent to me from Hillsboro, WI, which is in Vernon County. It was a Civil War Journal written by a Jeffries, with many references to his best friend, with the last name of Eno. Till fill in any newcomers, one of the VA/NC Piedmont Siouan tribes was the Eno, and Jeffries is a very early name associated with Siouan descendants. Richard Haithcock reports finding some VA Siouan descendants by the name of Eno.

I asked about it, but was discouraged from putting too much stock in the Eno name, since it occurs in some European families. The Vernon County Enos traced back to Connecticut. There's just a few too many coincidences. Hillsboro, Jeffries, Eno . . . it makes me wonder if there weren't some founding fathers in the area who were Saponi mixed bloods passing as white. The "colored" community there was very definitely from Granville and Robeson Counties, NC. TechTeach's Iowa families were just on the other side of the river from where my Vernon County family was.

[techteach]

Linda:
The Enos who were in Clayton County are even closer to yours folks in Vernon County than the rest of my group in Jackson County. They came from Canada and NY with origins in Connecticut. They were described as a "lost" family in one post with this person asking if anyone knew where their families were from. I am certainly thinking it very interesting. The cemetery is on an Amish farm, I guess.

I am going to check with Deb as to the origin of the name. I did not have this name, but I had something close, like the source was hard to read. Her first name was Birghid. (I think I have the spelling right.) And, I might add, as I looked, I found at least one other name I see in my genealogy, i.e. Parr. Suspicious names and places.

Cindy

[techteach]

Found another URL that is interesting : http://www.centurytel.net/tjs11/hist/erind.htm Describes the Eries as Hokan Siouan. They were known as Black Minqua and became the Mingo. Also see http://www.centurytel.net/tjs11/hist/erind.htm

Techteach

[Linda]

I hadn't heard that term before. The article states they spoke an Iroquoian language of the Hokon-Siouan. Seems like a contradiction. I've understood them to be Iroquoian. Thomas McElwain believes they formed the basis of the WV Mingo. They were adopted into the League en masse and never really acculturated that well. Then, when the League lost it's Pennsylvania holdings, he believes that many Erie adoptees fled into the mountains. He speaks Mingo, which he learned as a child in Elkins, WV. It's a variant of Seneca.

[techteach]

I looked up Hokan-Siouan and here's what I found at http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/NatvAmlang_LanguagesofNorthAmerica.asp.

Hokan-Siouan___ The Hokan-Siouan family is thought to include a number of linguistic groups, but the classification of some of them is still disputed. Among the groups generally considered branches of the Hokan-Siouan stock are Muskogean, whose languages include such tongues as Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole, which are spoken in Oklahoma and Florida; Caddoan, composed of the Caddo, Wichita, Pawnee, and Arikara languages found in Oklahoma and North Dakota; Yuman, with individual languages (such as Cocopa, Havasupai, Kamia, Maricopa, Mohave, Yavapaí, and Yuma) in Arizona and California; Iroquoian, to which belong the Seneca, Cayuga, Onandaga, Mohawk, Oneida, Wyandot, and Tuscarora languages spoken in New York, Wisconsin, and Oklahoma, as well as the Cherokee tongue found in Oklahoma and North Carolina; and Siouan, which includes Catawba (in South Carolina), Winnebago (in Wisconsin and Nebraska), Osage (in Nebraska and Oklahoma), Dakota and Assiniboin (in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Nebraska), and Crow (in Montana). Languages of the Hokan-Siouan stock are also found in Mexico and parts of Central America. These Hokan-Siouan languages tend to be agglutinative; various word elements, each having a fixed meaning and an independent existence, are merged to form a single word.

[Bill Childs]

I knew "Hokan" sounded familiar but just couldn't put my finger on it. Could be that the author of that piece using the term "Hokan-Siouan", may have been confused or may have been using an earlier term which has fallen out of usage in linguistics.
The Amerind Language Family contains 583 languages (today), spoken by 18 million speakers. They are classified and subdivided by Greenberg (1987) (see also Ruhlen, 1987), quoted by Cavalli-Sforza, et.al., 1994, as follows: (some of these subfamilies contain dozens of dialects that most people refer to as separate languages.)

"I. Northern Amerind includes as subfamilies, Almosan, Keresiouan, Penutian, and Hokan.

"A.1. ALMOSAN consists of Kutenai (a single language), Algic (Algonquian and two isolated languages, Wiyot and Yurok) and Mosan (Wakashan, Salish, and Chimakuan); it covers most of Canada south of the zones occupied by Eskimos (the Arctic) and the Na-Dene (northwestern Canada and central Alaska). It also extends to the Mid-west south of the Great Lakes and to New England.

"A.2. KERESIOUAN includes Keres (essentially a single language) and the Siouan, Iroquoian, and Caddoan families; it covers the rest of the Midwest almost to the Atlantic coast.

"A.3. PENUTIAN is a northern group including musch of Oregon and California, with outliers (Tsimshian) as far north as Canada; in southeastern North America, a Gulf group includes the Muskogean family and a few isolated languages; in New Mexico, Zuni; a southern group is found in Mexico (Huava, Mixe-Zoque, Totonacan, and the Maya in Yucatan and Guatemala.)

"A.4. HOKAN is a northern group with small clusters in northern and southern California, Baja California, and parts of Arizona; a southern group in northeastern Mexico and Texas."

[The other Amerind language families other than Northern Amerind, are
II. Central Amerind (three major subfamilies).
III. Chibchan-Paezan (two major subfamilies).
IV. Andean (two major subfamilies).
V. Equatorial-Tucanoan (two major subfamilies)
VI. Ge-Pano-Carib (or Macro-Ge/Macro-Pano/Macro-Carib) (three major subfamilies)]

from same source:
"Geographically, Almosan and Keresiouan are found only in North America; Penutian, Hokan, and Central Amerind are found in North and Central America; Paezan, Chibchan, and Equatorial in Central and South America; and Andean, Macro-Tucanoan, Macro-Carib, Macro-Panoan, and Macro-Ge only in South America."

The surprising thing about Greenberg's classification of world languages into ever larger related groups is how well it conforms to the later DNA work of Cavalli-Sforza's group in "The History and Geography of Human Genes"
Bill

[Bill Childs]

I intended to caveat this......
This is one linguistic theory which does matchup closely with DNA population studies, but there are competing theories.
Bill

[Deb]

OK, this may be too little, too late but I saw some discussion about George Green in this thread...I have a George Green married to Nancy Sinkey (dau of Wm. amd Mary McCartney Sinkey and Nancy's sister Sarah Sinkey married to a William Green. I show Nancy born in 1815 so I am assuming that she married this Green in Ohio because Wm & Mary moved from PA to Ohio about 1811(12). Cindy says she had a George Green living with Richard Sinkey in PA....don't know if this is the same George Green or a son of George Green. I don't think this Nancy lived in PA. I do find the spouses of the Sinkey men interesting given what I've seen here.....my info is as follows:

William Sinkey (son of Richard Sinkey & Brighid)
m. Mary McCartney

Their Children:

1) Sarah (b. PA) m. William Green
2) Betsy (b. PA) m. Daniel Heath
3) Martha (Pattie) (b. PA) m. David Cooley
4) Richard, Jr. (b. 1789 PA) m. Helen Wheeler (Michigan Sinkey's)
5) James (b. 1796 PA) m. Mary Twigg (b. 1801)
6) William (b. 1800 PA) m. Mary Mayfield (b. 1798)
7) Jane (b. 1804 PA) m. Luke Potter
8) Daniel (b. 1806 PA) m. Elizabeth Steimetz (2) Margaret
Clayton (3) Jane Iles (this branch stayed in Ohio)
9) Mary (Polly) (b. 1807 PA) m. Clark Cooley III
10) Matthew (b. 1808 PA) m. Nancy Huston
11) Nancy (b. 1815 OH) m. George Green

I think I have seen the names of each of these spouses on SaponiTown in one place or another. I have not looked much at the Greens but I know that Cindy has....I think there is a George Green on the tax list for Barree Twp, Huntingdon, PA.

Deb

[vance hawkins]

Thanks Tom!

That was great. I read about the Erie (first link). There is the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe in NE Oklahoma. That article is saying they are probably part of the remnants of the Erie people.

vance

[lynellarainhawk]

Wow!:) Its so good to read some of these older posts once in a while. This is so interesting even still. I have a hard copy of it somewhere. And there's those names I keep looking at! :) Love & Light, Lynella.

[techteach]

I brought this thread forward and made it sticky. We often refer to this group and there is a lot of good information here.

Techteach

[collins]

What is a sticky thread?

[techteach]

Itis a thread that stays at the top.

Techteach

[Brenda Ferrell Sampsel]

".....At the beginning of the American Revolution, a large part of the Cayuga tribe moved from New York into Canada, where many of their descendants live today. Other smaller bands moved to Ohio and joined with the Seneca of Sandusky. In 1832 a treaty was written between the United States and "The New York Indians". Under the terms of that treaty they were moved into the north-eastern corner of Indian Territory.
In 1881 a group of over 100 Canadian and New York Cayugas traveled to Indian Territory to join with the band residing there. Some of the first arrivals were adopted into the Seneca Tribe, but the groups arriving later were turned back to Canada by the government Indian Commissioner, saying that the Seneca chiefs could not adopt foreign Indians......."
http://www.rootsweb.com/~itquapaw/seneca/cayuga.htm




"The Seneca-Cayauga Tribe
......There was a well-known confederation of Iroquois Indian bands drawn from throughout the Northwest that included the Mingo (from the upper Ohio River), Conestoga, Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Tuscarora, and Onondaga (driven into Ohio by early colonists) and the Seneca of Sandusky (who had lived in New York at the outset of the American Revolution). After the war, the Cayuga moved to Ohio, where they were granted a reservation along the Sandusky River. They were joined there by the Shawnee of Ohio and the rest of the confederacy.
In 1831, the tribe sold their land in Ohio and accepted a reservation in the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory. They were a prosperous people who, preparing to leave Ohio, heavily loaded their baggage (clothing, household goods, tools, seed) onto a steamboat to sail to St. Louis. The trip to their new home took eight months plagued by delays, blizzards, disease, and death. Upon their arrival in Indian Territory, they found their lands overlapped those of the Cherokee. Another band (the Mixed Band of Seneca and Shawnee) also traded their Ohio lands for a tract in Indian Territory which was wholly within the Cherokee Nation. An 1832 treaty- the first made by the U.S. with the immigrant Indians within the boundaries of Oklahoma- adjusted the boundaries and created the "United Nation of Seneca and Shawnee..............."
http://www.eighttribes.org/seneca-cayuga/


"Chronicles of Oklahoma
Volume 11, No. 4
December, 1933
INDIAN REMOVAL
JOS. J. FENSTEN.
“…The Seneca of Oklahoma were found in historical times on the southern shore of Lake Erie. They were never allied with the Seneca of New York but were probably a subjugated tribe under their jurisdiction. Chief Good Hunter assured Henry C. Brish that they were a remnant of Logan's tribe and that Logan was a Conestaga or Mingo maternally. Brish says, "I can not to this day surmise why they were called Senecas. I never found a Seneca among them. They were Cayugas—who were Mingoes—among whom were a few Oneidas, Mohawks, Onondagas, Tuscarawas, and Wyandots."1 …”
http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v011/v011p1073.html

[Brenda Ferrell Sampsel]

Cayuga Migration & Surname BUCK, Seneca of the Sandusky



"BEFORE THE INDIAN CLAIMS COMMISSION
THE
CAYUGA NATION OF
INDIANS,

PETER
BUCK AND
STEWART JAMISON
MEMBERS
AND
REPRESENTATIVES THEREOF,
THE
SENECA-CAYUGA
TRIBE;
OF
OKLAHOMA,
Docket No. 343
P l a i n t i f f s ,
v.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Defendant.
Decided: July 20, 1972
.
“……The Cayuga Nation, a member of the Six Nations, occupied territory
in New York State i n the vicinity of Cayuga Lake. After the Revolutionary
War, i n which the Cayugas had fought on the side of the British, the
tribe splintered, with one group enigrating to Canada, a second group
moving to Western New York State, and a third group removing to Ohio. …”

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/i...iccv28p237.pdf

Notice the surname BUCK and also note the verification of a migration to OHIO. I see no reason why some Tutelo would not have been part of all three of these splinters, rather than merely of the group that immigrated to Canada.

Brenda

[techteach]

Thought I would add this link to this story line also : http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohcnewma/finley.html Part of an autobiography of one of the missionaries to the Wyandot mission at Upper Sandusky.

Techteach

[elkriver]

Hey Vance well my folks were in White county during the very early 1820's to 1840's, I may have seen Hawkins there on a partial 1820 census record , there are many names on that census that are NC Cash's Collins Lowery's etc.
tech, I really like your post, I wondered what Blackhoof aka Blackfoot had to do with the Cherokee's but your cousins theory is a little off though atleast for my family, no offense though.
Vance did you see the post's that Bill did, where there were Hawkins moving around with the Hardins ? Carey's, Collins and Gibson's in my line!?

Even though this thread is a couple of YEARS old...LOL...I can tell you this. The decendents of Blackhoof's followers are known today as the newly Shawnee Tribe (there are 3 Shawnee Tribes all here in Oklahoma: Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Shawnee) also known as the "Loyal Shawnee Tribe" (because they were "Loyal" to the Cherokee Nation). Just before Blackhoof died him and his followers came to an agreement to cede all Ohio lands to accept a Rez in Kansas. Blackhoof died before the removal to Kansas, however his son Charlie Blackhoof became the leader of the Shawnees after his death and led the Shawnees during there time in Kansas. Charlie married a Shawnee women by the name of Neh-nex-see for which the town of "Lenexa, Kansas" is named after, other parts of the old Shawnee Rez today is known as "Shawnee Mission, Kansas" as the Shawnee Mission Indian School was located there, and the building is still located there today as a historical marker and museam. Charlie Blackhoof became elderly and died there leaving Neh-nex-see and Widow farm women, who continued the role of leadership after Charlies death. Because of more and more White settlement moving into the area and the Shawnees wishing to remain peaceful, they took it upon themselfes with Neh-nex-see leading them to go ahead and cede the lands in Kansas and to move to Oklahoma and join the Cherokee Nation. Neh-nex-see also died before this removal took place, however (I don't know how many children they had) Charlie Blackhoof and Neh-nex-see had a daughter by the name of Alice Blackhoof who continued her life on here in Oklahoma, although I don't know of her playing in any leadership roles or not. This is getting close to modern times as many older ones still alive today remember Alice still being alive when they were younger and they say she was a old short, skinny, mean women, in fact I have heard some tell a story of when the were kids how they once stole a piece of frybread from the table (the older Indian ladies here are known for there cooking, espicially large meals but you don't dare touch there food until the say it is time to eat) and she quickly grabbed a broom stick and chased them through the field...LOL!!!...they were surprised of how fast she was in her old age espicially as small and fraile as she seemed to be. Alice married a shawnee man by the name of Charlie Blalock and today there are MANY MANY grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and great-great grandchildren here of Charlie and Alice...including one still living daughter who is 94 years old, and believe me she is a MEAN old women...LOL! Anyhow because they were never "forced" to Oklahoma they never recieved any land here, all land that they did have (and still have today) is held in trust for them under the Cherokee Nation. In fact there Tribal enrollment cards read "Cherokee-Shawnee", so even though they are under the Cherokee Nation, they are still treated as a seperate entity within the Cherokee Nation. However just a few years ago the applied for federal recognition as there own distinct Tribe and was granted that and are now known as the "Shawnee Tribe". Here is an article from "Indian Country Today" that explains more about there recognition.:


TAHLEQUAH, Okla. - More than 130 years after the Loyal Shawnees became a part of the Cherokee Nation, the United States Congress has finally given them federal recognition.

It came as Title VII of the Omnibus Indian Advancement Act recently passed by Congress.

In 1866, the Loyal Shawnee signed a treaty with the Cherokee Nation and were absorbed into the larger tribe. Although they retained their culture and tradition, they were considered legal members of the Cherokee Nation.

"We have worked with the Shawnees for years to achieve this," Cherokee Principal Chief Chad Smith said. "They are proud of their heritage as Shawnees, and proud of the dignified way they have gained their federal recognition."

Over the past four years, the Cherokee Nation passed two, separate resolutions which supported the Loyal Shawnee bid to be restored as a separate, federally recognized tribe.

All that is needed to make it official is the signature of President Clinton.

Although recent news reports suggested the president wouldn't sign any executive orders concerning federal recognition, White House aide for Native American affairs Lynn Cutler said, "If they went through legislation, recognition through a bill that was passed, the president will sign that."

With recognition the tribe will be referred to once again as the Shawnee. Tribal Chairman James Squirrel said he was very happy about finally achieving federal recognition for his tribe. "We are just waiting on the president to sign our bill."

Squirrel said the Shawnee appreciate the efforts and backing received from the Cherokee Nation in attaining federal recognition. "We appreciate them very much."

The chairman said recognition meant the tribe could administer some of its programs rather than having to go through the Cherokee Nation. Although the nation will continue to administer some programs, Squirrel said there are grants and funding available only to smaller tribes for which the Shawnee will qualify.

Part of the agreement states that the Shawnee cannot take land into trust within the boundaries of the Cherokee Nation. Asked if the Shawnee would attempt to reclaim land or put land into trust in another state, Squirrel said, "Our people are here in Oklahoma, so there are no plans for anything like that," Squirrel said.

The Shawnee will no longer have to work as a government within a government as they have in the past.

"Everything we have done, we have had to go through Cherokee Nation and they have approved most of it."

For now the tribe plans to continue working out of tribal headquarters in White Oak. The 11 council members will work toward the transition following recognition.

There are approximately 8,000 members of the tribe, Squirrel said, and already people are lining up to enroll.

A spokesman for the Cherokee Nation said the Cherokee constitution will allow members of the Shawnee tribe to continue dual enrollment.

Although a lot of work remains, the Shawnee tribe is savoring the victory of being recognized as a distinct entity and not an extension of another tribe.

"We're so happy that we can do this to further help our people, to be ourselves rather than Cherokee-Shawnees or adopted Cherokees," Squirrel said. "We can be our own people."

[cowboy]

Elkriver you live in the area my people were do you know of the Sulpher Bend Cemetery outside of Fairland Ok it used to be on the Nesoho River but was moved when they damed it.
John D. Blalock,

Fairland, Indian Territory.

Dear Sir: -

You heretofore filed with the Commission, certificate from Commission on C
itizenship, showing the re-admission to Cherokee citizenship on June 30, 1
888, of Sarah A. Blalock and four children; also Cherokee marriage licen
se and certificate showing your marriage on May 4, 1893, to Miss Sarah Jones.

My gggrandmother and father who are cherokee are in there this is my grandmothers side.

I have Blalock or Blaylock's that are connected to these people also Daughterys.

[elkriver]

Elkriver you live in the area my people were do you know of the Sulpher Bend Cemetery outside of Fairland Ok it used to be on the Nesoho River but was moved when they damed it.
John D. Blalock,

Fairland, Indian Territory.

Dear Sir: -

You heretofore filed with the Commission, certificate from Commission on C
itizenship, showing the re-admission to Cherokee citizenship on June 30, 1
888, of Sarah A. Blalock and four children; also Cherokee marriage licen
se and certificate showing your marriage on May 4, 1893, to Miss Sarah Jones.

My gggrandmother and father who are cherokee are in there this is my grandmothers side.

I have Blalock or Blaylock's that are connected to these people also Daughterys.

I think I might have heard of that cemetary. Fairland is maybe a 10 min. drive from here. But I would guess that they were probably not Cherokee but most likely Shawnee as Blalock and Daughtery are both common Shawnee names. But as I said they would have been listed as "Cherokee" as the Loyal Shawnees were on the Cherokee rolls, most listed as "Cherokee-Shawnee". The Shawnee's prime tribal location is in and near a small town called White Oak, Oklahoma...however most are scattered throughout north eastern Oklahoma with many living in or near Maimi, Oklahoma, there current Tribal Office is located in Miami.

[techteach]

Elkriver:

I have a favor to ask also. Do you know of links for surnames of Shawnee, as you posted the link for Wyandot surnames in another forum? I have seen the list from 1879 (6) or whatever that year was. It has several McLanes listed, one of my surnames. I am interested in simply identifying who they were, so maybe there will be other of my surnames listed as Shawnee. The evidence points to then being this tribe (although I do have Van Meters connecting. They all lived on land in OH that was Wyandot land.)

Techteach

[elkriver]

Cayuga Migration & Surname BUCK, Seneca of the Sandusky



"BEFORE THE INDIAN CLAIMS COMMISSION
THE
CAYUGA NATION OF
INDIANS,

PETER
BUCK AND
STEWART JAMISON
MEMBERS
AND
REPRESENTATIVES THEREOF,
THE
SENECA-CAYUGA
TRIBE;
OF
OKLAHOMA,
Docket No. 343
P l a i n t i f f s ,
v.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Defendant.
Decided: July 20, 1972
.
“……The Cayuga Nation, a member of the Six Nations, occupied territory
in New York State i n the vicinity of Cayuga Lake. After the Revolutionary
War, i n which the Cayugas had fought on the side of the British, the
tribe splintered, with one group enigrating to Canada, a second group
moving to Western New York State, and a third group removing to Ohio. …”

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/i...iccv28p237.pdf

Notice the surname BUCK and also note the verification of a migration to OHIO. I see no reason why some Tutelo would not have been part of all three of these splinters, rather than merely of the group that immigrated to Canada.

Brenda

The Western Band of the Cayuga Indian Nation can trace its antecedents to the Cayugas who left New York for the Sandusky region, primarily during the first three decades of the 19th century. Although these people frequently were labeled "Sandusky Senecas" by federal Indian agents, they were primarily Cayugas, not Senecas. Further, more Cayugas were living at Sandusky than in New York in 1832, at the time of the initial Cayuga removal beyond the Mississippi. Cayugas continued to outnumber Senecas in the "Seneca" villages in the west, until the early 1870's. Today Western Cayuga comprise a significant portion of the modern Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma. Further, the Seneca-Cayuga continue to follow many of the old traditions and cultural patterns of the historic Cayuga Indian Nation.

Although designated as part of the "Senecas," first in Ohio, then in Indian Territory, the Cayugas contunued to maintain a separate political entity within the "Seneca-Cayuga" community and both tribes joined to form the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma, in 1937. Prior to 1937 chiefs of the Western Band negotiated independently with the State of New York, recieved annuity payments from the State, and conducted their own agreements with other bands of the Cayuga Indain Nation, or with other tribes. Since 1937 they have acted as a political entity through the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma, which the federal government has designated as a legal representative of the historic Cayuga Indian Nation. In addition, the federal government also has concluded that the members of the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe are biological and cultural descendants of the historic Cayuga Indian Nation that once resided primarily in New York, and that the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe is a successor to the historic Cayuga Indian Nation that entered into the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua.

Anthropologists, and the Seneca-Cayuga themselves are aware that the traditional language apoken in the modern Seneca-Cayuga community is Cayuga, not Seneca. Many of the old Cayuga clans still persist, although some others seem to have faded. The Wolf, Bear, Turtle and Deer clans remain, and they are still devided into moieties according to their position int he Long House. The Seneca-Cayuga still hold many traditional Iroquois ceremonies in their Long House, a structure wich also illustrates the contunued cultural connections between the Seneca-Cayuga and the New York Cayugas. Built for their religious ceremonies, the Seneca-Cayuga Long House differs from those in New York by having open sides that allow for ventilation in the heat of the Oklahoma summers, but they share an east-west orientation. The Strawberry Dance takes place in the late spring, and the Green Corn Ceremony, held in August, remains a highlight of the Seneca-Cayuga summer. People still play the peach seed game and tribal traditions are still passed down through the generations by Faith Keepers, or "Pot-Hangers." Tribal names contunie to be passed down through the clans and a Cayuga child is not considered to be a full member of the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe until he or she resieves his or her Cayuga name at the Naming Ceremony. Modern Cayugas still travel to New York and Canada, to visit with friends and relatives, and also entertain visitors from these Cayuga settlements in their Oklahoma community. In sum, although some of the old ways may be gone, others continue. The Western Band of the Cayugas, encompassed in the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma, retains a strong connection to the cultural and ceremonial practices of the historic Cayuga Indian Nation.

[cowboy]

My mother was born in White Oak alot of my people is buried there.

Listen my people are on all the rolls from the 1817 emigration roll "cherokee" my gggrandmother is on the 1851 Old Settler Roll she is buried in Sulpher Bend Cem.

They were Jones and Fraizer they married Blalocks
and Daughterys who were Shawnee.

[elkriver]

Elkriver:

I have a favor to ask also. Do you know of links for surnames of Shawnee, as you posted the link for Wyandot surnames in another forum? I have seen the list from 1879 (6) or whatever that year was. It has several McLanes listed, one of my surnames. I am interested in simply identifying who they were, so maybe there will be other of my surnames listed as Shawnee. The evidence points to then being this tribe (although I do have Van Meters connecting. They all lived on land in OH that was Wyandot land.)

Techteach


you might check this out:


http://shawnee-bluejacket.com/1871_registry.htm

[techteach]

Thanks, elkriver. That is the list where I found the McLanes, but I have no idea if they connect or not. My McLane is a mystery. We don't know the parents. She was the second wife of someone who is credited with starting the school in Slippery Rock, PA. The first wife came west with the Quakers who taught Cornplanter's people. Her grandson described the tribe around her area of western PA as Cornplanter Seneca. However, I have since read that Cornplanter's reservation was a haven for many displaced people of many tribes.

Techteach